are languages that are very close to machine language. They are easy for the computer to understand, but more difficult for a programmer. The only language the PC can directly execute is machine code. This code is binary, consisting of 1s and 0s. This language is difficult to write, so we use symbolic languages. Machine code is often machine specific – the machine code of one computer sometimes is not understood by a different type of a computer.
Assembly languages are symbolic languages using abbreviations such as ADD, SUB, MPY to represent simple instructions. The program then has to be translated into machine code by software called an assembler.
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